Determinanty wydajności instytucji mikrofinansowych w Indiach: dwuetapowa analiza DEA

Autor

  • Santa Kar Assam University Silchar, Assam India
  • Joyeeta Deb Assam University Silchar Assam

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29015/cerem.528

Słowa kluczowe:

instytucje mikrofinansowe, podtrzymywalność, metoda obwiedni danych (DEA)

Abstrakt

Cel: Instytucje mikrofinansowe (ang.: Microfinance Institutions (MFIs)) wyłoniły się w Indiach jako główny gracz z punktu widzenia świadczenia usług mikrofinansowych. Z tego względu instytucje te muszą być stabilne finansowo, aby osiągnąć założony cel w postaci podwójnych zysków (ang.: double bottom-line). Poza tym, indyjskie MFIs nie mogą się ochronić przed klątwą niespłacania pożyczek. Dlatego też celem niniejszego artykuły jest pomiar kondycji indyjskich MFIs oraz określenie, czy podtrzymywalność ma znaczący wpływ na wydajność MFIs.

 

Metodyka badań: Aby zdiagnozować kondycję indyjskich MFIs, wykorzystano nieparametryczną metodę obwiedni danych (ang. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)). Dla bardziej dogłębnej analizy zastosowano dwa modele DEA (zorientowany na nakłady model BCC oraz zorientowany na wyniki Undesirable Measure Model). Następnie użyto w badaniach regresji Tobita w celu określenia czynników oddziałujących na wydajność MFIs, a w szczególności w celu odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy podtrzymywalność ma znaczący wpływ na wydajność. W badaniach wykorzystano uzyskane z MiX Market dane dotyczące 31 indyjskich MFIs w latach 2009-2015.

 

Wnioski: Wyniki badań wskazują, że techniczną wydajność MFIs można oszacować na poziomie 79% w modelu BCC oraz 98% w Undesirable Measure Model. Indyjskie MFIs mogą osiągnąć granicę produkcji, jeśli zdołają obniżyć złe wyniki (określone przy portfelu ryzyka 30) do poziomu około 14%. Ponadto badania potwierdziły, że podtrzymywalność (określona przez samowystarczalność operacyjną) ma pozytywny wpływ na wydajność.

 

Wartość artykułu: Dotychczasowe badania indyjskich MFIs nie koncentrowały się na tym, jak MFIs mogą stać się wydajne poprzez redukcję niepożądanych / złych wyników. Ponadto żadne dotychczasowe badanie nie analizowało wpływu podtrzymywalności na wydajność indyjskich MFIs. Z tego względu niniejszy artykuł stara się wypełnić istniejącą lukę badawczą.

 

Implikacje: Wyniki badań mogą być przydatne dla indyjskiego przemysłu mikrofinansowego w celu poprawy jego wydajności. Wyniki mogą być też wykorzystane przez Indyjski Bank rezerw (ang. Reserve Bank of India, aby stworzyć wspólną miarę dla klientów MFIs w połączeniu z zaciąganiem pożyczek w MFIs.

Biogram autora

Santa Kar - Assam University Silchar, Assam India

PhD Scholar

Department of Commerce

Assam University, India

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Opublikowane

2017-12-29